The superplastic forming machine leverages the ultra-high elongation (up to several hundred or even thousands of percent) exhibited by materials under specific temperature and strain rate conditions to achieve one-step integral forming of complex thin-walled components. By precisely controlling temperature and air pressure, this technology enables materials to flow uniformly and smoothly, similar to thermoplastics, achieving complete adhesion to the mold cavity. Its core value lies in forming precision parts with deep drawing, complex structures, and high integration, offering significant advantages such as low residual stress and high forming accuracy. It finds extensive applications in fields such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and high-end medical equipment.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
1. Loading and Heating Stage
A specially designed sheet with superplastic properties (e.g., titanium alloy, aluminum alloy) is securely clamped between a sealed mold and an upper pressure plate to form a closed cavity. The mold is then transferred to a heating furnace, where a precision temperature control system heats the sheet to its superplastic temperature range (typically 0.5–0.9 times the material's melting point; for example, approximately 900°C for TC4 titanium alloy). At this temperature, the material's internal structure transitions to a superplastic state, preparing it for subsequent forming.
2. Pressure Forming Stage
Once the temperature stabilizes at the target value, an inert protective gas (e.g., argon) is introduced into the sealed cavity above the sheet. A precise gas pressure is then applied according to a preset "pressure-time" curve. Under the combined effects of high temperature and gradually increasing pressure, the sheet undergoes superplastic deformation. It expands uniformly and controllably into the mold cavity until it fully conforms to the mold, achieving the desired complex shape. This process avoids localized thinning or fracture commonly associated with traditional stamping.
3. Cooling and Demolding Stage
After the part is fully formed, pressure is maintained for a period to stabilize the shape, followed by controlled cooling. Once the temperature drops to a safe range, the internal pressure is released, the mold is opened, and the formed component is removed. The final part exhibits distinct characteristics: sharp contours, uniform wall thickness, no springback deformation, and a seamless overall structure.
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